discrete adj. 1.分離的,分立的;顯然有別的。 2.不連續(xù)的;【數(shù)學(xué)】離散的;【哲學(xué)】抽象的 (opp. concrete)。 A nebula is really a discrete mass of innumerous stars. 一團(tuán)星云實(shí)際上是無數(shù)星體不連續(xù)的集合體。 adv. -ly
observation n. 1.觀察,注意;觀察力;?望。 2.觀測,實(shí)測;【航?!繙y天;【軍事】觀測,監(jiān)視,偵察。 3.(觀察得的)知識,經(jīng)驗(yàn);〔pl.〕觀察[觀測]報告[資料]。 4.經(jīng)驗(yàn)談,講話,談話;評述,按語,短評,意見 (on)。 5.〔口語〕發(fā)言,言論。 a man of no observation 沒有觀察力的人。 an expedition of observation 觀察隊(duì)。 sampling observation 抽查。 service observation 業(yè)務(wù)檢查。 a witty [foolish] observation 聰明[糊涂]話。 come [fall] under one's observation 看見,瞧見。 keep a suspect [patient] under observation 監(jiān)視[觀察]一個可疑的人[病人]。 make a few observations on 簡單談?wù)剬Α膸c(diǎn)看法。 take an observation 【航海】測天。
Observation is particularly important where there is no permanent record of activities - discrete observation can reveal whether there is improper access to a restricted area 對于沒有持續(xù)性記錄的活動來說,實(shí)地觀察法是一種非常有效的方法。持續(xù)的觀察可以發(fā)現(xiàn)是否有不正確進(jìn)入受限制區(qū)域的行為。
Two kinds of risk measures are considered , volatility and value at risk ( var ) . some methods based on our local polynomial estimator and some other recent work to calculate the volatility based on discrete observations are given . a time dependent value at risk ( tvar ) based on stochastic processes is defined 我們主要考慮金融風(fēng)險度量的兩種方法,一是波動率,我們給出了一些基于離散觀察的波動率的計算方法;二是在險值( var ) ,我們定義了一種基于隨機(jī)過程的在險值,稱為時變在險值